Growth factors / Hormones are also secreted by specific non-endocrine tissues

These growth factors are essential for normal growth of tissues and their repairing / regeneration

Hormone secreted during allergy is glucocorticoid

None of the above

Hormones provide chemical coordination, integration and regulation in the human body.

Hormones regulate metabolism, growth and development of our organs.

Besides hypothalamus, pituitary, pineal, thyroid, adrenal, parathyroid, thymus, etc., GIT, heart, kidney, etc also produce hormones.

Hormone can be used again and again like biocatalyst.

The neural system provides an organised network of point to point connection for a quick coordination

The endocrine system provides chemical integration through hormones

The neural organisation is very complex in lower invertebrates

The human neural system includes CNS and PNS

Scapula has the spine which projects as acromion process

Below acromion process is a glenoid cavity

Each clavicle (collar bone) articulates with acromion

Clavicle is long S-shaped bone with 4 curvatures

Angiotensin II, being a powerful vasoconstrictor, increases glomerular pressure and thereby GFR

Angiotensin II activates the adrenal cortex to release aldosterone

Aldosterone promotes reabsorption of Na+ and water from the DCT arid CT leading to an increase in B. P. and GFR

ANF causes vasoconstriction

Each myosin is a polymerised protein

Many meromysin constitute one thick filament (myosin)

Each meromyosin's tail is called heavy meromyosin (HMM) and head is called light meromyosin (LMM)

The globular head is an active ATPase enzyme and has binding sites for ATP and active sites for actin

Smooth muscles are found in urinary bladder, alimentary canal and genital tract

A striated muscle is syncytium (multinucleate)

The cytoplasm of striated muscle is called endoplasm

The plasma membrane and ER of striated muscles are called sarcolemma and sarcoplasmic reticulum respectively

Locomotion and many other movements required coordinated muscular activities

Muscle is a specialised tissues of endodermal in origin

There are about 639 muscles which contribute about 40 - 50 % of adult body wall

Muscles show contractibility, excitability and conductivity

I and III

III

III and V

IV and V

Micturition is carried out by a reflex

Cholesterol is excreted in the bile and waxes are excreted in the sebum

The primary function of sweat is excretion while its cooling function is minor

Saliva also eliminates small amount of nitrogenous wastes

The kidney have built in mechanism for regulation of GFR

Tubular secretion does not play any significant role in urine formation

The amount of urine output per day in normal adult is about 1.5 L

During urine formation tubular cells secrete H⁺, K⁺ and NH₃ in the filtrate

Renal tubule starts with a double walled cup like structure called Bowman's capsule

In majority of nephrons, the loop of Henle is too short and sttbh nephrons are cortical nephrons

Juxta medullary nephron has long loop of Henle

None

I and IV

II and IV

IV

None

Erythrocytes / RBC are the least abundant of all the cells in blood

The number of RBCs in adult man per mm³ of blood is 5 million to 5.5. million

RBC are formed in the red bone marrow in the adults

RBCs are enucleate in most of the mammals

PO₂ is the major factor which affects the binding of CO₂ with haemoglobin

PCO₂ is low and PO₂ is high as in the tissues, more binding of CO₂ with Hb occurs

RBC contains a very high cone, of carbonic anhydrase and minute quantities of the same in the plasma

Every 100 ml of deoxygenated blood delivers approximately 4 ml of CO₂ to the alveoli

The breakdown of most of biomacromolecules occurs in duodenum

Simple substances (digested foods) are absorbed in the jejunum and ileum

Very significant digestive activity occurs in large intestine

Undigested and unabsorbed substances are passed on to the large intestine

Mucosal epithelium has goblet cells which secrete mucus for lubrication

Mucosa forms gastric glands in the stomach and crypts in between the bases of villi in intestine

Cells lining the villi has brush border or microvilli

All the four basic layer in the wall of gut never show modification in different parts of the alimentary canal

Usually chloroplasts align themselves along the walls of mesophyll cells, so that they get optimum quantity of incident light

Within chloroplast there is a membranous system consisting of grana, stromal lamellae and stroma

There is division of labour within chloroplast

In grana CO₂ is fixed

Mitosis or the equational division is usually restricted to the 2N cells only

In onion 2N = 16

Growth and reproduction are characteristics of cells indeed of all living organism

In plants meristematic tissues show meiosis

Chitin, a complex or homopolysaccharide occurring in exoskeleton of arthopods consists of NAG

Glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine are modified sugar

Cellulose shows blue colour when treated with l₂

Starch shows blue colour when treated with l₂

The study of plant secondary metabolites has many practical application

Some secondary metabolites have ecological importance

The types of secondary metabolites in animal cells are more than that in plant cells

Secondary metabolites are found in fungi, microbes and plants